Cisco Systems, Inc. is an American multinational technology conglomerate based in San Jose, California, at the heart of Silicon Valley. The company develops, manufactures, and sells networking hardware, telecommunications equipment, and various high-tech products and services. Through its acquisitions, including OpenDNS, WebEx, Jabber, and Jasper, Cisco has expanded into specialized technology markets such as the Internet of Things (IoT), domain security, and energy management.
Cisco was added to the Dow Jones Industrial Average on June 8, 2009, and is also a member of the S&P 500 Index, the Russell 1000 Index, the NASDAQ-100 Index, and the Russell 1000 Growth Stock Index.
Founded in December 1984 by Leonard Bosack and Sandy Lerner, two Stanford University computer scientists, Cisco pioneered the concept of using a local area network (LAN) to connect geographically separated computers over a multiprotocol router system. When the company went public in 1990, its market capitalization stood at $224 million. By the end of the dot-com bubble in 2000, Cisco’s market capitalization had soared to over $500 billion.